What's Polymyositis, causes, Symptoms & treatment.:-Polymyositis (PM) is a type of chronic inflammation of the muscles (inflammatory myopathy) related to dermatomyositis and inclusion body myositis.Its name means "inflammation of many muscles" (poly- + myos-+-itis) Symptoms.The muscle weakness associated with polymyositis involves the muscles closest to the trunk, such as those in your hips, thighs, shoulders, upper arms and neck.The weakness affects both the left and right sides of your body, andtends to gradually worsen.Causes/Inheritance.In most cases, the cause of an inflammatory myopathy like polymyositis (PM) is unclear.For some reason, the body's immune system turns against its own muscles and damages muscle tissue in an autoimmuneprocess.Viruses might be a trigger forautoimmune myositis.Diagnosis
Suggest some of the following tests:
Blood tests:- A blood test will let your doctor know if you have elevated levels of muscle enzymes, which can indicate muscle damage.A blood test can also detect specific autoantibodies associated with different symptoms of polymyositis, which can help in determining the best medication and treatment.
Electromyography:- This test involves inserting a thin needle electrode through the skin into the muscle.Electrical activity is measured as you relax or tighten the muscle, and changes in the pattern of electrical activity can confirm a muscle disease.The doctor can determine the distribution of the disease by testing different muscles.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI):- A scanner creates cross-sectional images of your muscles from data generated by a powerful magnetic field and radio waves.Unlike a muscle biopsy, an MRI can assess inflammation over a large area of muscle.
Muscle biopsy:-During this test, a small piece of muscle tissue is surgically removed for laboratory analysis.Analysis may reveal abnormalities, such as inflammation, damage, certain proteins or enzyme deficiencies. Treatment
Although there's no cure for polymyositis, treatment can improve your muscle strength and function. The earlier treatment is started in the course of polymyositis, the more effective it is — leading to fewer complications.
However, as with many conditions, no single approach is best; your doctor will tailor your treatment strategy based on your symptoms and how well they respond to therapy.
Medications:-
The most commonly used medications to treat polymyositis include:
Corticosteroids. Drugs such as prednisone can be very effective in controlling polymyositis symptoms. But prolonged use of these drugs can have serious and wide-ranging side effects, which is why your doctor may gradually taper the dose of medication down to lower levels.
Corticosteroid-sparing agents. When used in combination with a corticosteroid, these drugs can decrease the dose and potential side effects of the corticosteroid. The two most common medications used for polymyositis are azathioprine and methotrexate. Other medications prescribed for polymyositis include mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept), cyclosporine and tacrolimus.
Rituximab:- More commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, rituximab is an option if initial therapies don't adequately control your polymyositis symptoms. Therapy
Depending on the severity of your symptoms, suggest:-
Physical therapy:-A physical therapist can show you exercises to maintain and improve your strength and flexibility and advise an appropriate level of activity.
Speech therapy:-If your swallowing muscles are weakened by polymyositis, speech therapy can help you learn how to compensate for those changes.
Dietetic assessment:- Later in the course of polymyositis, chewing and swallowing can become more difficult. A registered dietitian can teach you how to prepare easy-to-eat, nutritious foods.
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